Megan MacRae
The various articles observed this week demonstrate that political stances were significantly altered in post-war Europe. Specifically, it appears that right-wing followers observed the changing times worked to alter their ideologies in an effort to attract more citizens.
This notion is illustrated in Tamir Bar-On’s piece, “Transnationalism and the French Nouvelle Droite” as they review the efforts of the French Nouvelle Droit (ND). Bar-On touches on the fact that ND’s creator, Alan de Benoist, took the group through three specific stages. The first stage occurred during the 1960s and was one that clearly supported white supremacy. The second stage focused on biological racism during the 1970s, while the third stage occurred during the 1980s and circled around cultural racism. This third stage is the prime focus because it shaped ND into a group that was a bit convoluted in the sense that they seemed to believe in equality between cultures, but rejected immigration. When Bar-On discusses the fact that ND argued against a culture being superior to another, this initially made me think that ND might have been working towards a diverse outlook. However, it quickly became clear that ND was referring to the fact that ‘white’ cultures in Europe were not superior to one another. This point was further emphasized when it became clear that ND was not against immigration as a whole, but rather they rejected non-white and non-European immigration. This was obviously in an effort to protect the ‘culture’ of various European countries from the ‘sins’ of multiculturalism.
I can understand why some post-war European citizens would have found ND and their fellow right-wing groups attractive. On the surface, ND looks to reject fascism and racism by advertising an appreciation for each culture. However, their inclusive persona does not necessarily reflect their true beliefs.
I think you really zoned in on exactly why its so difficult to recognize and counter fascist movements in the post-war era. They know overt fascist language and appeals to white supremacy are no longer acceptable, so instead they use phrases and key words that are typically associated with inclusivity and multiculturalism to hide their true intent.
I think you’re post also makes it clear how the “European” identity really emerges in this postwar era – rather than fighting amongst their neighbours, the ND are trying to rally a “unified” Europe against outsiders. While whiteness was previously preserved for certain nationalities and Europe ethnicities in the pre-war and inter-war era, now all of Europe gains a certain level of “whiteness” in an effort to create a stronger collective identity against non-Europeans.